Hernia
It is protrusion of part or whole of the organ through a weak spot of fibromuscular tissue of body wall. The Opening may be artificial or natural with a sack covering it. 75% of the abdominal hernia is groin hernia. remaining 25% of hernia is of umbilical, femoral hernia
Diagnosis :
A swelling in the groin or abdominal wall exhibiting cough impulse and showing signs of reducibility is clinically diagnosed as hernia.
The clinical spectrum includes:-
- Pain at the site of lump.
- Swelling of the scrotum.
Epigastric hernia exhibiting above features in a swelling in Epigastric region
Umbilical and para-umbilical hernia in umbilical or para-umbilical region
Incisions hernia or ventral hernia
Inguinal hernia (direct, indirectand congenital) per tong in groin region
Femoral hernia also presenting as a swelling in groin region
In congenital hernia the swelling is present since birth or may appears during late adult life
Investigation :
In most of the cases clinical diagnosis is enough.
Ultrasonography of whole abdomen may be done to rule out other abdominal pathology
Treatment :
All Patients with hernia are counseled to undergo surgery as early as possible to prevent any chance of complications like intestinal obstruction or gangrene of intestine
The Aim of surgery is :-
To cure hernia
To prevent the recurrence of it
Surgical treatment :
There are 3 std methods of surgery for hernia :-
Herniotomy
Herniorapphy
Hernioraplasty
- Choice of procedure differ patient to patient.
- Newer hernia repair involves minimally involved laparoscopic technique.t his technique is useful in patients who have a recurrence of hernia i.e. hernia occurred even after previous surgery. Also in bilateral Inguinal hernia
- However standard hernia surgery is still a valid procedure.
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